Sunday, May 13, 2012

The “Wahhabi Myth”: Some Critiques on the “Confession of the British Spy”

  Ubah Abdusalam Seid
Part One

On October 8/ 2011, I presented an article on the Ahbash’s accusation of the sect they call “Wahhabiya” (written in Amharic). In that article, I was sharing only few insights about the book which Al-Ahbash members provide as evidence in order to invalidate the “Wahhabi” and its mythological founder called “Muhammad ibn Abdulwahhab of Najd”. I argued that the book, titled “The Confession of the British Spy” (also called “The Memoirs of Mr. Hempher, the British Spy to the Middle East”),  has been discredited by the western historians. They say “it was as a forgery of a Turkish naval officer called Ayub Sabri Psaha”. (Refer to Wikipedia for the details and visit every links supplementing the arguments presented there. Click this link to go to the Wikipedia article http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoirs_Of_Mr._Hempher,_The_British_Spy_To_The_Middle_East )
It is not only the westerns who claimed the book was a forgery.  From the east, the Shi’a Historian Hamid Algar and many others also discredited the book. (I don’t have the copy of Hamid Algar’s book titled “Wahhabism: A crtical Essay”. You may get it from the internet. But be sure that Hamid Algar himself was too biased when he attacked the so called “Wahhabi” in his book. However, he was some what better than Ahbash’s blind hate and propaganda against “Wahhabi”).
I also have the same stance. That is, I believe definitely that the aforementioned book is a forgery. However, when I wrote this, some Ahbash members counter argued me that it is a truthful book which described the start and spread of Wahhabism from the Arabian Desert. So I decided to show the members of our group some forged narrations and inconsistencies I found in the book. (You can get the full book on the following link
Historical Inconsistencies
1.      The publishers of the book described in the preface section that a British spy called Mr. Hemper met a man by a name Muhammad Ibn Abdulwahab Najdi in the city of Basra in 1713 and mislead him to create a new sect which the Westerns call now “Wahhabi” (page 3). But Muhammad Ibn AbdulWahhab was only 10 years old in the year mentioned (1793). His biographical data describes that he had never been out of Uyana (his home town) until he reached the age of 20. He left Nejd only in 1922.
2.      On the same page (the preface on page 3), it is also described that Mr Hempher (the British Spy) and Ibn Abdulwahhab announced the Wahhabi sect in 1150  A. H. (earlier than 1738 if we changed the year to the Hijra calendar) . But the “Spy” tells
 “I stayed with Mohammed of Najd for two years. We made a program to announce his call. Eventually, I fomented his resolution in 1143 year of Hijra (1730 A.D)” (page 72). This doesn’t match with the publishers’ claim made in the preface (page 3). From this, we can infer that the publishers hadn’t read the book thoroughly. They were interested in the political value of the book and published it hurriedly.
Let us say this is an editorial error. But could any of those years match the actual years we know about the start of the campaigns of Ibn Abdulwahhab? The answer is “No”.
 Ibn Abdulwahhab hadn’t started his long “anti-Shirk”(anti-polytheism) and “anti-bid’a” (against innovations) campaigns until 1740. When he started his struggle in 1940 in his home town (Uyanah), he was expelled by the chiefs of the town and took a refuge in Dar’iyyah which was then governed by Muhammad Ibn Saud.
3.      The so called “spy” began his narration by the famous British propaganda slogan of the colonial era. He said
"Our great Britain is so vast. The sun rises within its seas and sets again below its seas. Yet our state is relatively very weak concerning its colonies in India, China and the Middle East”. (page.6)

Is this true? Did Britain have colonies in India, China and the Middle East in early 18th century?  Nobody can bring a proof for this. During that era (for example the 17years where Mr Hampher stayed indoctrinating Muhammad ibn Abdulwahhab beginning from 1713-1730), Britain had colonies only in the Americas. There was no British colony in Asia and Africa until the second half of 19th century.
Logical inconsistencies
1.      On page 17, the spy tells us that he married his paternal cousin called Mary Shvay who was a 22 years old woman.
Can a British man marry his own cousin? This is not allowed in western culture as far as we know. It’s only a Muslim culture and some traditional cultures that allow to marry one’s cousin.
2.      On page 18, Mr. Hampher said
“I read the Qur’an indeed. It is very high book. It is even higher than the Torah (Torah) and the Bible. For it contains principles, regulations, moral rules etc”
Indeed, Qur’an is higher than any religious and non-religious book. But had a Christian who was appointed to spoil Islamic beliefs and demolish the Muslim unity gave this kind of witness? It’s unbelievable. Some readers may argue with me by saying “the man was giving a confession. That was why he spoke the truth about Qur’an”. But I say to them “No He wasn’t confessing for his fault. He was addressing the Turkish propaganda. You can clearly understand this from the way the book was set up. The writer was very careful not to slander the Holy Qur’an and the Prophet (s.a.w). He did so only indirectly. This can make a sense if we assume the writer was a Muslim unsatisfied by the new revolution of Ibn Abdul Wahhab and Ibn Saud.
3.      On page 19, Mr. Hampher gave a big advice for Muslims. He said both Shi’a and Sunni should come to one community. He continued
“Since both Umar and Ali are dead today, maintaining those controversies would serve no useful purposes. To me, if Muslims are reasonable, they should think of today, not of those very old days”.
So funny! How can a man with a devil mission dared to give this kind of advice for Muslims?  Can we accept this?
4.      On the other hand, you can understand that the “spy” had mastered the history of Islam. But he missed some easy facts. For example, on 37-38 while he was narrating about the atmosphere of the shi’a dominated areas in Iraq, the spy says the following.
“There were two mausoleums similar to that of Ali’s in Karbala. One of them belonged to Huseyn the other one belonged to his brother Abbas”.
Who was this Abbas? Was he truly a brother of Huseyn Ibn Ali ibn Abu Talib? Did Ali ibn Abu Talib fathered a boy called Abbas? Was “Mr. Hempher” referring to Abbas Ibn Abdul Mutalib (the uncle of the Prophet-s.a.w)? Or what?
I am sure the grave of Abbas was not in Karbala.  And Ali ibn Talib had no boy called “Abas”.
Conclusion
I presented some of unbelievable and non-logical narrations of “Mr. Hmepher’s” book as you read above. The book is filled by many mythological narrations which I will discuss in the second part of this article.
As I said, I read this book recently. But I heard about its existence many years ago. This amazing book is one of Al-Ahbash’s propaganda tools. But when you read it in detail, you will find it to be a political weapon in which the old Turks try to invalidate the legitimacy of the House of the Saud (the ruling dynasty of Saudi Arabia). Al-Ahbash adherents turned this political tool to the religious one and say “read this book if you want to know the truth about Wahhabi”.  Do they forget that Allah will Jude on the wrongdoers? It seems so.
I will come with more critiques in part two of this article. Peace be up on those who follow the right path.

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